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| Dec 13, 2024 | The Battle for Democracy: Navigating the Storm of Authoritarianism and AI in 2024 | In 2024, democracy faced a dual threat. On one side, the specter of authoritarianism loomed large, fueled by the actions of political figures who sought to undermine established norms. On the other, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) ... |
| Dec 12, 2024 | The Apocalypse That Wasn’t: AI Was Everywhere In 2024’s Elections, But Deepfakes And Misinformation Were Only Part Of The Picture | It’s been the biggest year for elections in human history: 2024 is a “super-cycle” year in which 3.7 billion eligible voters in 72 countries had the chance to go the polls. These are also the first AI elections, where many feared that deepf... |
| Dec 10, 2024 | Nigeria: Idris to Chair IPI Nigeria Conference As Other Dignitaries Confirm Attendance | The Minister of Information and National Orientation, Mohammed Idris, will chair the 2024 conference of the Nigerian chapter of the International Press Institute, scheduled to be held on Wednesday in Abuja, organisers said.
This was disclos... |
| Nov 9, 2024 | The Erosion of Freedom: Mauritius' Social Media Shutdown and Its Implications | In a surprising twist, Mauritius, often hailed as a democratic beacon in Africa, recently experienced a social media shutdown. This decision, taken by the country's communications regulator, came just days before the general election s... |
| Nov 6, 2024 | Mauritius' Social Media Shutdown - a Worrying Sign That Civil Rights Are Slipping | Mauritius' communications regulator recently shut down access to social media platforms until a day after the upcoming general election, due to be held on 10 November 2024. The decision was reversed a day later. Nevertheless, the move ... |
| Sep 13, 2024 | Nigeria Must Investigate Attacks On Journalists - IPI | The IPI global network has condemned attacks on journalists covering the recent anti-government protests in Nigeria, calling on authorities to investigate these incidents and take measures to ensure journalists' safety.
Between August ... |
| Jul 5, 2024 | Ukraine: IPI condemns new arrest of journalist by Russian occupying forces | Detention of Zhanna Kyselova reminder of dire situation facing Ukrainian media workers in Russian captivity
Ukrainian journalist Zhanna Kyselova. Photo: Detector Media
The IPI global network today condemns the detention of journalist Zhanna... |
| Jul 3, 2024 | India: IPI calls for renewed commitment to press freedom | IPI urges PM Narendra Modi to honour his commitment to freedom of the press
India's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader, Narendra Modi (R) takes the oath as India's Prime Minister during the swearing-in ceremony at the presidentia... |
| Jul 1, 2024 | Nigeria: Cybercrimes Act - Despite Amendment, Clampdown On Journalists Persists | 25 reporters faced prosecution since 2015
Nigeria one of W/Africa's most dangerous places to practice
Police, FG, presidency mum
At least 10 journalists have been arrested in the past one year in what seems like a targeted clampdown on... |
| Jun 28, 2024 | IPI Africa 2023 Press Freedom Monitoring Report | Impunity for attacks on the press continues; positive legislative and judicial developments offer hope
IPI Africa 2023 Press Freedom Monitoring Report
At least 12 journalists were killed in sub-Saharan Africa in 2023, according to monitorin... |
| Jun 21, 2024 | Kazakhstan: IPI dismayed by adoption of new media law | Legislation could be particularly harmful for online media and foreign correspondents
President of Kazakhstan Kasym-Jomart Tokayev. EPA-EFE/VALERY SHARIFULIN
The IPI global network today expresses its dismay by the adoption of a new media l... |
| Jun 17, 2024 | Armenia: Authorities must investigate violence against journalists covering protests | Armenia: Authorities must investigate violence against journalists covering protests
Armenian riot police officers block a street during a rally against Armenian Prime Minister Pashinyan in front of the Parliament building in Yerevan, Armen... |
| Jun 14, 2024 | European Commission study on journalist safety lacks solutions while security deteriorates | Media freedom groups highlight disconnect between report findings and ground realities
Paris, France. February 12, 2022: journalists and press, filming in front of police during riots on Champs Elysées Avenue. Shutterstock / EricBery
The un... |
| Jun 14, 2024 | Ukraine: IPI sends letter following intimidation of investigative journalist | Five months on, police has failed to identify the mastermind behind the attack
Yuri Nikolov. Image via Yuri Nikolov / Facebook
On January 14, unknown men harassed Ukrainian investigative journalist Yuri Nikolov at his home in Kyiv, in an ap... |
| Jun 10, 2024 | Media freedom groups call on Slovakia’s Parliament to reject public broadcasting bill | Critics warn: proposed law could seriously undermine the independence of public media
A protester with a placard 'Freedom for Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS) not the old tricks' takes part in a demonstration against the go... |
| Jun 10, 2024 | Transition Accelerator: IPI launches call for news organizations in Europe with grants up to €20,000 | The second edition of the Transition Accelerator will select up to 18 media organizations from Europe
IPI's Innovation Team
Jun 10, 2024
The International Press Institute (IPI) is excited to announce the launch a call for its Transitio... |
| Jun 6, 2024 | Media Innovation Europe renewed: 8 grant schemes over the next 2 years | IPI-led initiative to support innovation and experimentation in journalism will continue to develop projects that help European organizations achieve sustainability
IPI's Innovation Team
Jun 6, 2024
The programme will:
Include 8-month ... |
| Jun 3, 2024 | Journalism at a turning point: how the media navigates crises to serve the public needs | The 2024 IPI World Congress and Media Innovation Festival, held in the Bosnian capital Sarajevo from 22-24 May, brought together leading voices from across the globe to address some of the most pressing issues of our time.
Supported by the ... |
| Jun 3, 2024 | China: IPI welcomes release of journalist Zhang Zhan | Jailed for reporting in Wuhan during onset of Covid-19 outbreak
Veera Nikkilä, Helsingin Sanomat Foundation Journalism Fellow at IPI
Jun 3, 2024
Zhang Zhan appeared on X on May 21 confirming her release from prison. (Photo: Screen capture o... |
| Jun 3, 2024 | Africa Media Monitoring April 2024: Threats to press freedom in Burkina Faso, Somalia and Togo | Burkina Faso and Sudan banned and suspended foreign media outlets, several news websites blocked
In April 2024, IPI documented at least 23 incidents of threats to press freedom in 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. State-sponsored censorsh... |
| May 30, 2024 | România: Anul super electoral impune o evaluare a libertății presei | Misiunea viitoare a consorțiului european pentru libertatea presei va evalua principalele provocări ale presei din România.
București, România, 5 aprilie 2024: Liderii politici susțin o conferință de presă după trimiterea listei de candidaț... |
| May 30, 2024 | Romania: super election year calls for press freedom assessment | Upcoming mission of European media freedom consortium to evaluate concerns
Bucharest, Romania, 5 April 2024: political leaders hold a press conference after the sending of the list of candidates for the European Parliament elections, at the... |
| May 24, 2024 | Death threats to editorial of weekly magazine Nacional in Croatia | SafeJournalists and MFRR partners ask for swift response from authorities
An undated file picture of Ivo Pukanić, owner of Nacional magazine who was killed by a car bomb in Zagreb, Croatia, on 23 October 2008. EPA/STR
The editorial office o... |
| May 24, 2024 | MIF2024: asking the right questions paves the way to sustainability | Industry leaders explore strategies for sustaining media organizations amidst financial challenges and changing audience behaviors.
IPI's Innovation Team
May 24, 2024
Participants of the panel "The Revenue Roadmap: An insider'... |
| May 21, 2024 | Defending press freedom in Georgia as foreign agent bill passes third reading | Joint letter calls on the European Union to react
Georgian political parties supporters protest during a rally against a draft bill on 'foreign agents' in front of the Parliament building in Tbilisi, Georgia, 14 May 2024. EPA-EFE/... |
| May 17, 2024 | Media Advisory: IPI World Congress and Media Innovation Festival | IPI World Congress in Sarajevo to highlight journalism’s role in addressing global crises (May 22-24)
Leading journalists, editors, and publishers from over 65 countries and six continents will gather in Sarajevo from May 22-24 for the Inte... |
| May 17, 2024 | New Media Incubator: How an Instagram publication for women connected with its audience | This article was written by the Sojka team and lightly edited by IPI for length and clarity. Receive regular updates on IPI’s innovation and media sustainability work by subscribing to our newsletter, The Outlook: Media Innovation Unlocked.... |
| May 11, 2024 | Two years on: IPI renews call for justice for killing of journalist Shireen Abu Akleh | Al Jazeera journalist Shireen Abu Akleh, who was shot and killed during an Israeli raid in the West Bank town of Jenin, May 11 2022. EPA-EFE/AL JAZEERA
Two years since veteran Palestinian-American journalist and IPI-IMS World Press Freedom ... |
| May 10, 2024 | Ukraine: MFRR partners highlight ongoing press freedom issues | MFRR partners today highlight ongoing press freedom concerns in Ukraine, over two years following the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion. While Ukraine was at first quick to unite in the face of armed aggression, setting aside internal c... |
| May 10, 2024 | Nigeria must release journalist Daniel Ojukwu | Authorities detained Ojukwu under cybercrime law over corruption story
The IPI global network calls on Nigeria to immediately release journalist Daniel Ojukwu. Authorities detained Ojukwu for allegedly violating the Cybercrimes law over a s... |
| May 6, 2024 | IPI condemns Israel’s closure of Al Jazeera | Decision sends a chilling message to all media in the country
Ralf Liebhold/Shutterstock
The International Press Institute (IPI), a global network of editors, media executives, and leading journalists, strongly condemns the Israeli governme... |
| May 3, 2024 | World Press Freedom Day’s interview with Věra Jourová | Over the past five years, Věra Jourová, Vice-President of the European Commission for Values and Transparency, has been leading the Commission’s efforts to strengthen media freedom under its Democracy Action Plan.
This has resulted in an un... |
| May 3, 2024 | World Press Freedom Day 2024: Media freedom groups sound the alarm over press freedom in Europe | More than 1,000 media freedom violations recorded in past year
Photo by Habib Dargham / Shutterstock
On World Press Freedom Day (WPFD) 2024, the partner organisations of the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) stand in solidarity with media... |
| May 3, 2024 | Internationaler Tag der Pressefreiheit 2024: Die Bedeutung des Journalismus für unsere Welt | IPI betont die Bedeutung des freien, unabhängigen und kritischen Journalismus für die Bewältigung der globalen Herausforderungen
Shutterstock/christianthiel.net
Am Welttag der Pressefreiheit 2024 richtet das Deutsche Nationalkomitee des Int... |
| May 3, 2024 | Burkina Faso bans media over critical coverage of military | Authorities suspend foreign media and block news sites over coverage of HRW report on alleged military killings of civilians
Burkina Faso special forces take part on the last day of the US-led Flintlock 2023 annual military training exercis... |
| May 3, 2024 | WPFD: Press freedom matters because humanity matters | IPI members on why we must protect journalism
Press freedom matters because humanity matters. IPI Executive Board Chair Khadija Patel puts it succinctly in a special video from IPI members to mark World Press Freedom Day.
Today, on World Pr... |
| Apr 26, 2024 | Webinar: World Press Freedom Day 2024, Europe’s press freedom battlegrounds | Date: Thursday May 2, 2024
Time: 14.00 CET
Location: Register Here
The International Press Institute (IPI) and the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) invite you to join our World Press Freedom Day 2024 webinar: Europe’s press freedom battl... |
| Apr 19, 2024 | New Media Incubator: How Portuguese local media ALMADENSE uncovered revenue opportunities through a newsletter | New Media Incubator participants ALMADENSE share their experience of transforming their business with innovation and audience engagement tools
ALMADENSE is a Portuguese local news outlet founded to serve a former news desert
This article wa... |
| Apr 17, 2024 | Africa Media Monitoring March 2024: Threats to press freedom in Chad, Nigeria, and Togo | Journalist Idriss Yaya killed in Chad
Africa Media Monitoring March 2024
In March 2024, IPI documented 15 threats to press freedom in 10 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The most common types of attacks were physical attacks – including the... |
| Apr 12, 2024 | Ukraine: IPI sends letter to authorities on apparent intimidation of journalists | On April 6, investigative outlet Slidstvo.Info reported that one of its investigative journalists, Yevheny Shulhat, had recently been targeted in what appeared to be an intimidation attempt by authorities. Several days earlier, military rec... |
| Apr 8, 2024 | Independence of Slovakia’s leading TV news channel must be protected | Slovak Prime Minister, Róbert Fico
The International Press Institute (IPI) and other undersigned members of the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) are deeply alarmed by the actions of the Slovak government towards Slovakia’s leading commer... |
| Apr 5, 2024 | Report on media freedom in Romania ahead of Super Election Year | Mission report highlights political influence, vexatious lawsuits and online harassment in Romania
Amidst Romania’s Super Election Year, the International Press Institute (IPI) and Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) partners unveil their l... |
| Apr 5, 2024 | Fighting SLAPPs: Milestone new recommendations in Europe | The International Press Institute (IPI) joins other members of the Coalition Against SLAPPs in Europe (CASE) in welcoming recommendations by the Council of Europe to combat SLAPPs, or strategic lawsuits against public participation, which a... |
| Mar 25, 2024 | IPI joins 38 other rights groups calling on Media Freedom Coalition states to take concrete action for the safety of journalists in Gaza | Coalition: MFC's credibility is on the line
A general view shows damaged houses after an Israeli airstrike targeted the Rafah refugee camp, southern Gaza Strip, March 25, 2024. EPA-EFE/HAITHAM IMAD
The IPI global network today joined 3... |
| Mar 18, 2024 | Press freedom organisations call for urgent EU action to prevent political take-over of Slovak public media | European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen European council President, Charles Michel European Parliament President Roberta Metsola Belgian Presidency of the Council of the European Union
Dear Presidents,
We, the undersigned interna... |
| Mar 18, 2024 | Call for withdrawal of Slovakia’s repressive broadcast law | Slovak government attempts to take over the public broadcaster
A protester with a placard 'Freedom for Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS) not the old tricks' takes part in a demonstration against the government's plan of... |
| Mar 11, 2024 | Analysis: Russia ramps up pressure on media and journalists in exile | Newly adopted laws add to repression years after enactment of wartime censorship
Russian police detain a protester at an anti-war rally in St. Petersburg (archive image) EPA-EFE/ANATOLY MALTSEV
In the first two months of 2024, the Russian p... |
| Mar 8, 2024 | IPI, CPJ, and MFWA submit petition to Nigerian authorities on 2020 journalist killing | Petition demands justice for student journalist Pelumi Onifade
Journalist Pelumi Onifade- Source MFWA
On February 28, 2024, the International Press Institute (IPI), the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), and the Media Foundation for We... |
| Mar 4, 2024 | Periodista español enfrenta cargos penales tras su cobertura de corrupción judicial | Amenazada la libertad la libertad de prensa en España: IPI insta a la comunidad internacional a apoyar a Carlos Sosa
El Instituto Internacional de la Prensa (IPI, por sus siglas en inglés) expresa su profunda preocupación por las acciones l... |
| Mar 1, 2024 | IPI calls on International Criminal Court to investigate attacks on Ukrainian media | Submission requests review of 72 cases as potential war crimes amid Russia’s war of aggression
Russian bombing of Kyiv TV tower, 1 March 2022. Source: Ministry of Interior of Ukraine
Two years after the Russian bombing of the Kyiv TV tower ... |
| Feb 23, 2024 | Two years on, Ukrainian journalists still pay a heavy price for the war | MFRR stands in full solidarity with embattled Ukrainian media
Shell crater created by a Russian missile explosion near a school in Lviv, western Ukraine (archive image) EPA-EFE/MYKOLA TYS
February 24 marks two years since the start of Russi... |
| Feb 15, 2024 | Is Climate Activism a Crime? | As environmental abuses continue around the world, some governments and corporations are going to extraordinary lengths to criminalize lawful, public protest. UN special rapporteur on environmental defenders, Michel Forst, last month issued... |
| Feb 15, 2024 | Africa Media Monitoring January 2024: Threats to press freedom in Guinea, DRC, Somaliland | Incidents include jailing of the secretary general of Guinea press union over media freedom protests
In January 2024, IPI documented 42 threats to press freedom in nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Arrests, detentions, and physical atta... |
| Feb 8, 2024 | Senegal: Clampdown on media, internet access amid election delay protests | Authorities must rescind the withdrawal of Walf TV license and respect the media’s right to cover protests
epa10962884 The President of Senegal Macky Sall, speaks during Armed Forces Day in Camp Dial Diop in Dakar, Senegal, 07 November 2023... |
| Feb 8, 2024 | Jordan: Authorities must investigate Pegasus surveillance of journalists | Former IPI Vice-Chair Daoud Kuttab among targets of spyware attacks, according to new report
Veera Nikkila, Helsingin Sanomat Journalism Fellow at IPI
Feb 8, 2024
IPI is deeply alarmed by a new report finding that at least 35 journalists, h... |
| Feb 7, 2024 | Call for nominations: IPI, IMS 2024 press freedom awards | Awards honour courage and innovation in journalism
It’s time again to honour exceptional courage and innovation in journalism.
The International Press Institute (IPI) and International Media Support (IMS) are proud to announce the call for ... |
| Jan 23, 2024 | IPI trainings for journalists: How to investigate disinformation campaigns | IPI trainings for journalists: How to investigate disinformation campaigns
This workshop will provide journalists with tools to understand the Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) of disinformation campaigns.
Disinformation is one of t... |
| Jan 23, 2024 | IPI trainings for newsrooms: Building an effective response against online harassment | IPI trainings for newsrooms: Building an effective response against online harassment
Online workshop to present best practices for dealing with online abuse
Newsrooms are often the first line of defence for journalists targeted with online... |
| Jan 23, 2024 | IPI trainings for journalists: How to analyse and mitigate online attacks | IPI trainings for journalists: How to analyse and mitigate online attacks
An analytical and hands-on approach to tackling online hate and smear campaigns
This workshop will provide journalists with tools to do three things: first, to identi... |
| Jan 22, 2024 | IPI trainings for freelancers: How to analyse, mitigate and prevent online attacks | IPI trainings for freelancers: How to analyse, mitigate and prevent online attacks
An analytical and hands-on approach to tackling online hate and smear campaigns
This workshop will provide journalists with tools to do three things: first, ... |
| Jan 9, 2024 | IJ4EU rebooted: €2M in grants for cross-border journalism in Europe | IJ4EU returns for a fifth edition with €2 million in grants for cross-border investigations in Europe Open to journalists in more countries than ever Grants of up to €50,000 plus training, mentoring and legal help New tools to help reporter... |
| Nov 27, 2023 | Kashmir: IPI welcomes release of journalist Fahad Shah | Indian authorities must end crackdown on media in region
Fahad Shah. Photo courtesy The Kashmir Walla.
The International Press Institute (IPI) welcomes the release this week of Kashmir journalist Fahad Shah after nearly two years in prison ... |
| Nov 27, 2023 | Azerbaijan: IPI sends letter to authorities demanding release of imprisoned journalists | Ulvi Hasanli, Sevinc Vaqifqizi and Mahammad Kekalov arrested over the past week
Riot police at demonstration in Baku (archive image) EPA/ZURAB KURTSIKIDZE
On Monday, November 20, as IPI reported, authorities in Azerbaijan detained Ulvi Hasa... |
| Nov 24, 2023 | North Macedonia: Ruling against Investigative Reporting Lab and its editor must be overturned | Decision by judge recommends that ministry shuts down one of the country’s leading investigative journalism platforms
The award winning team at the Investigative Reporting Lab (IRL)
The International Press Institute (IPI) joins the organisa... |
| Oct 26, 2023 | Russia: IPI demands immediate release of Alsu Kurmasheva | One week since Russian-American journalist was put behind bars
The IPI global network calls on Russian authorities to immediately release journalist Alsu Kurmasheva, who was detained in the city of Kazan on October 18.
Kurmasheva was arrest... |
| Oct 25, 2023 | IPI announces 2024 World Congress and Media Innovation Festival in Sarajevo | Join us May 22 - 24, 2024 – Registration is open now!
Image: Tourism Association of Canton Sarajevo
The 2024 IPI World Congress and Media Innovation Festival will gather leading journalists, editors, and publishers from around the world in ... |
| Jul 12, 2023 | International Press Institute offers travel support grants for Ukrainian journalists to Europe | The International Press Institute (IPI) is offering support for Ukrainian journalists, on a rolling basis, to carry out short-term visits to Europe.
The grants will support emergency relocation, research trips, study trips or creative retre... |
| May 16, 2023 | Addressing Media Capture | For years, industry, governments, and civil society have grappled with how to address the potential harm from state media while protecting people’s right to information in the digital domain. In some cases, the harm from state media can be ... |
| Jan 25, 2023 | India ban on BBC Modi documentary ‘imperils press freedom’ | Several media watchdogs have condemned the Indian government’s decision to ban a BBC documentary critical of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and have criticised the use of emergency powers to prevent clips from being accessed or shared online... |
| Jan 23, 2023 | Martinez Zogo, popular Cameroon radio journalist, found dead after reported abduction | A popular Cameroon radio journalist who had been missing following what a media rights group called an abduction has been found dead, his employer and police said on Sunday.
Martinez Zogo was managing director of Yaounde-based private radio... |
| Sep 22, 2022 | Report for the World expands its global network of independent newsrooms | Report for the World today announced the selection of 11 new host newsrooms, an expansion of its global presence from three to eight countries. “Report for the World is scaling to help independent media cover critical beats and meet the gro... |
| Aug 18, 2022 | Greek Intelligence Service Boss Resigns After Journalist, Opposition Party Member Targeted With Phone Malware | There’s another player in the phone malware game. NSO is far from the only malware merchant out there. Its products are the most well-known and the most dangerous, thanks to zero-click deployment options. |
| May 13, 2022 | The Rich And Powerful Are Abusing ‘Privacy’ Laws To Silence Journalists And Authors | At a time when Russia and Russian oligarchs should be facing more scrutiny and careful work by investigative reporters, it is actually becoming that much more difficult to do so. And the main reason is that EU and UK “data protection” laws,... |
| Oct 28, 2021 | A Brief History of Online Influence Operations | The Wall Street Journal’s Facebook Files series resumed last week, revealing that the platform took action against an online campaign to set up a new right-wing “Patriot Party” after the Jan. 6 insurrection. Earlier this month news outlets ... |
| Mar 8, 2021 | ‘The Hungary model': How Poland copied illiberal tactics for weakening independent media | Press freedom in Central Europe is under renewed threat. Yet there are no systematic arrests of journalists as in Belarus or Turkey. Less of the blatant acts of censorship common in Russia. Few of the gruesome killings of reporters that are... |
| Feb 9, 2021 | Belarus: Call to European institutions over media crackdown | The International Press Institute (IPI) today joined other members of an NGO coalition to call on the European Commission, the European Council, the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament to adopt new sanctions and recomm... |
| Sep 17, 2020 | Human Rights Organization Issues Press Freedom Alert Over UK Government's Refusal To Speak To Critical Journalists | The UK government is fine with press freedom as long as the press confines itself to the unwritten guidelines the government uses to restrict it. Publish too many leaked documents? Well, the government will show up and destroy your computer... |
| Aug 5, 2020 | Police Raid Al Jazeera's Malaysian Office Over Migrant Documentary, Stirring Up Concerns About Press Freedom | Malaysian police raided the Kuala Lumpur office of Al Jazeera on Tuesday, August 4, in response to the broadcaster’s release of an investigative documentary about the treatment of undocumented migrant workers in Malaysia during COVID-19.
Ma... |
| May 19, 2017 | Malta's Prime Minister Sues Panama Papers Journalist For Defamation; Gets Facebook To Delete His Reporting | You recall, of course, the Panama Papers? The massive leak of documents about offshore shell companies last year, that a large coalition of reporters worked on for many months before releasing a bunch of stories at the same time. The docume... |
| Hungary’s Orban set for tricky term after landslide election win | The nationalist conservative Fidesz party romped to victory at Hungary’s parliamentary elections on April 3, securing a fourth consecutive term in office for its leader Prime Minister Viktor Orban.
However, the government looks set for a tr... |
| Hungary’s parliamentary elections: All you need to know | Hungarians are set to go to the polls on April 3 that will see 199 MPs elected to the National Assembly for four-year terms.
Under the Hungarian election system, 106 single-mandate constituencies are decided by first-past-the-post voting.
T... |
